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Contents
Chapter 1
System grounding ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................1
1.2 Definitions........................................................................................................2
1.3 Purposes of system grounding .........................................................................4
1.4 Methods of system neutral grounding..............................................................5
1.5 Obtaining the system neutral .........................................................................22
1.6 Location of system grounding points.............................................................28
1.7 Grounding of industrial and commercial generators .....................................38
1.8 Autotransformers ...........................................................................................48
1.9 System grounding for uninterruptible power systems ...................................53
1.10 Portable mining equipment supply systems...................................................57
1.11 Creation of stray currents and potentials .......................................................60
1.12 Avoiding common-mode noise......................................................................62
1.13 Limiting transferred earth potentials..............................................................63
1.14 “Resonantly” produced voltages....................................................................64
1.15 Grounding of dc power systems ....................................................................66
1.16 Normative references .....................................................................................70
1.17 Bibliography ..................................................................................................73
Chapter 2
Equipment grounding........................................................................................................ 75
2.1 Basic objectives .............................................................................................75
2.2 Fundamental concepts....................................................................................77
2.3 Equipment grounding as influenced by type of use.......................................95
2.4 Outdoor open-frame substations ....................................................................95
2.5 Unit substations..............................................................................................99
2.6 Installations serving heavy portable electric machinery..............................100
2.7 Interior wiring systems ................................................................................104
2.8 Interior unit substations and switching centers............................................110
2.9 Utilization equipment...................................................................................111
2.10 Normative references ...................................................................................114
2.11 Bibliography ................................................................................................116
Chapter 3
Static and lightning protection grounding....................................................................... 119
3.1 Introduction..................................................................................................119
3.2 Static grounding ...........................................................................................119
3.3 Lightning protection grounding ...................................................................140
3.4 Normative references ...................................................................................156
3.5 Chapter 4
Connection to earth ......................................................................................................... 161
4.1 Resistance to earth .......................................................................................161
4.2 Ground electrodes ........................................................................................169
4.3 Methods and techniques of construction......................................................174
4.4 Measurement of resistance to earth..............................................................176
4.5 Normative references ...................................................................................182
Chapter 5
Electronic equipment grounding..................................................................................... 187
5.1 Introduction..................................................................................................187
5.2 Definitions....................................................................................................187
5.3 History of computer grounding....................................................................188
5.4 System or equipment to be grounded...........................................................190
5.5 Grounding electronic equipment..................................................................191
5.6 Effects of internal rectifiers in computers....................................................200
5.7 Grounding of shields....................................................................................201
5.8 Interference from radio frequencies.............................................................204
5.9 Case histories ...............................................................................................205
5.10 Normative references ...................................................................................207
5.11 Bibliography ................................................................................................208
Index ...............................................................................................................................Bibliography
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