مدیریت تولید

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مقاله با عنوان مدیریت تولید در فرمت ورد و شامل ترجمه متن زیر می باشد:

Production management

www.prospects.ac.uk/links/occupations Page 1 of 4
Entry Requirements
Considerable experience is normally required to become a fully-fledged production manager. Most people in such a
position have usually worked in subsidiary roles, such as inventory control, configuration analysis, material planning or as
a supervisor.
Nowadays, most entrants to the profession have a degree or HND, but there are also opportunities for non-graduates
who are prepared to study for professional qualifications, such as those offered by The Institute of Operations
Management (IOM) or the Institute of Leadership and Management (ILM).
A degree/HND in one of the following disciplines is desirable, depending on the type of industry you wish to work in:
mechanical engineering;
food science/technology;
process engineering;
business/management;
electrical and electronic engineering;
materials science/technology;
transport/distribution/logistics;
chemistry;
physics;
biochemistry.
However, a qualification in some other discipline (eg, civil engineering, the humanities) would not preclude a person from
working in production management given sufficient motivation and a willingness to study for the relevant professional
qualifications. A few universities offer degree courses in production management: Coventry, Huddersfield, Leeds and
University of the Arts. Postgraduate courses in production management are offered at Teesside, Nottingham and the
University of Manchester.
Pre-entry experience, while not essential, would be very useful, whether it takes the form of vacation employment or a
work placement in an industrial environment during your course. If formal schemes are not open to you, try to arrange a
work-shadowing placement. The IOM may be able to offer suggestions.
Employers will be looking for more than just technical knowledge and, to make a success of this career, potential
candidates will need to show evidence of the following:
ability to think on your feet;
•
ability to act decisively;
•
ability to grasp concepts easily;
•
problem-solving capabilities;
•
ICT literacy;
•
ability to communicate clearly and persuasively;
•
good organisational skills;
•
willingness to accept responsibility;
•
ability to work under pressure and to deadlines;
•
good physical health;
•
ability to motivate others;
•
self-confidence;
•
ability to work in a logical, systematic manner;
•
good judgement;
•
common sense.
Training
Many larger companies offer a graduate management training scheme, which combines work experience in different
parts of the organisation (including production management) with training, which may be in-house, by distance learning
or involving study at an educational institution. Certain degree and HND courses include industrial placements. One
favoured route for those working in industry is to study for the professional qualifications offered by The Institute of
Operations Management (IOM). These include:
•
the Certificate in Operations Management, which provides a foundation course for those progressing to the
Diploma;
•
the Diploma in Operations Management, which is aimed at young professional managers working in the field,
developing knowledge and understanding of the practical areas of production management and awareness of the
human and financial issues found in modern organisations;
•
the Advanced Diploma in Operations Management, which is designed to combine a broad foundation in research
and project techniques with a specific applied research investigation.
The Chartered Management Institute (CMI) also offers a range of qualifications in management, including a Level 5 NVQ
and SVQ in Operations Management.
Both the IOM and the CMI offer advice on continuous professional development (CPD).
Production manager

Career Development
Graduates often start off as graduate trainees and gain experience in a number of different aspects of production
management (such as materials management, inventory control, configuration analysis, production control, purchasing
management) before moving on to become production supervisor or shift manager.
Some production managers eventually assume a more strategic role and become involved with long-term planning rather
than day-to-day operations. There are often opportunities to move into general management. In larger organisations a
production manager may well be responsible for production on a number of sites, and opportunities to set up and
manage operations overseas may arise with multinational firms.
There is no one tried and tested way of moving up in the profession and you are advised to read the case studies to see
how different individuals have progressed in their careers. Further examples are available on The Institute of Operations
Management (IOM) website.
Many who are new to the profession find they are encouraged by their employers to acquire a professional qualification,
and it may well prove advantageous to do so (see Training). In any case, managers need to continually update their
knowledge and experience as new systems and processes become available.
Typical Employers
The manufacturing sector accounts for about one sixth of the economy, providing around 3.5 million jobs directly and
many more indirectly. Most manufacturing companies - large and small - have a production manager, though the actual
title will vary. In very small companies, which are often privately owned, the job may be combined with other functions.
Many manufacturing companies have become household names:
•
in food processing, Cadbury, Schweppes, Unilever, Nestle and Northern Foods are among the leaders, with plants
throughout the United Kingdom;
•
in pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline and Astra Zeneca are prominent but there are many other smaller
companies, mainly in the South East of England;
•
many automobile manufacturers and component makers have plants in the UK, including BMW, Ford, GKN,
Honda, Nissan, Peugeot and Toyota;
•
in the aerospace and defence sector, BAE Systems, Rolls-Royce, Dowty Messier and Smiths Industries play an
important role.
•
the electronics industry continues to offer opportunities in such fields as information technology hardware (Fujitsu,
Marconi) and electrical consumer goods (Sony, Hitachi).
Production managers are also employed in chemical engineering, heavy engineering, textiles and the printing industry.
The ceramics industry, based mainly in the Potteries, is in decline, suffering competition from cheaper products from the
Far East.
Many companies are involved in several types of production, which can include:
•
jobbing production (the manufacture of small, often single qualities of a large range of products made to order);
•
mass production (a small range of products manufactured in very large quantities);
•
process production (usually involving chemical, rather than mechanical processes);
•
batch production (where products are manufactured neither singly nor continually).
Sources of Vacancies
•
Prospects Finalist;
•
Prospects Today;
•
Prospects Directory;
•
The Hobsons Directory;
•
Jimfinder (Jobs in Manufacturing) (http://www.jimfinder.com);
•
Production Engineering Solutions;
•
Electronics Manufacturing Products;
•
Control Magazine;
•
Electronics Times;
•
careers service vacancy lists;
•
broadsheet national newspapers;
•
local press;
•
recruitment agencies specialising in the manufacturing sector.
Related Occupations
•
Distribution/logistics manager
•
Manufacturing engineer
•
Manufacturing systems engineer
•
Materials engineer
•
Operational researcher
•
Process engineer
•
Quality assurance manager
Production manager
Find comprehensive careers information on www.prospects.ac.uk and in your HE careers service
Page 3 of 4
Information Sources
Bibliography
AGCAS and Graduate Prospects products are available from higher education careers services.
AGCAS Publications
Engineering Sector, Sector Briefing
Manufacturing Sector, Sector Briefing
Graduate Prospects Publications
Prospects Directory
Prospects Finalist
Prospects Today
Other Publications
Control Magazine, The Institute of Operations Management (IOM), Monthly
Electronics Times, CMP United Business Media, Weekly
Electronics Manufacturing Products, MIT Publishing Limited, Monthly
The Hobsons Directory, CRAC/Hobsons Publications, Annual
Inside Careers: Engineering and Technology, Inside Careers, Annual
Inside Careers: Logistics and Transport Management, Inside Careers
Production Engineering Solutions, MIT Publishing Limited, Monthly



Websites
Jimfinder (Jobs in Manufacturing), http://www.jimfinder.com
Addresses
Chartered Management Institute (CMI), Management House, Cottingham Road, Corby, Northants, NN17 1TT
Tel: [phone] URL: http://www.managers.org.uk
Engineering Council UK (ECUK), 10 Maltravers St, London, WC2R 3ER Tel: [phone]
URL: http://www.engc.org.uk
Institute of Leadership and Management (ILM), 1 Giltspur Street, London, EC1A 9DD Tel: [phone]
URL: http://www.i-l-m.com
The Institute of Operations Management (IOM), The University of Warwick Science Park, Sir William Lyons Road,
Coventry, CV4 7FZ Tel: [phone] URL: http://www.iomnet.org.uk
SEMTA: the Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing Technologies, Head Office, 14 Upton
Road, Watford, WD18 0JT Tel: [phone] URL: http://www.semta.org.uk
Production manager
© Content copyright of or licensed to AGCAS (www.agcas.org.uk)
Written by Paul Kingston, AGCAS, 02/11/2004
The work of writers, editors and other contributors is gratefully acknowledged - full details on prospects.ac.uk
Page 4 of 4
Visit www.prospects.ac.uk/links/occupations - also includes case studies